# SS7 Stack Overview

The Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) is a globally used set of telephony signaling protocols that enables call setup, routing, billing, and information exchange between telephone networks. 

{% hint style="danger" %}
The content provided here is intended for educational and research purposes only. 

It is not intended to provide professional advice or guidance. 

The author is not responsible for any misuse of the information provided.
{% endhint %}

<figure><img src="https://1151675536-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F0RmnfgiEjbrMt52huqhW%2Fuploads%2FyxRVgUpPBGcJ8kceCadK%2Fdsi-sigtran-stack-diagram.png?alt=media&#x26;token=fa884ba7-2710-4621-921b-91d4d581715c" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

The SS7 protocol suite is organized into a stack, structured in levels, similar to the OSI model:

1. **MTP Level 1 (Physical Layer)**: This is the physical and electrical connection for the network, handling the delivery of signaling messages via the transmission medium.
2. **MTP Level 2 (Link Layer)**: Ensures error checking and message sequence control by detecting and correcting errors in the transmission of signaling information.
3. **MTP Level 3 (Network Layer)**: Provides message routing between exchanges and manages message distribution, ensuring the integrity of signaling message transfer.
4. **SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part)**: Adds enhanced routing capabilities and supports connection-oriented and connectionless network services, facilitating a variety of telecommunications services beyond basic call control.
5. **TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part)**: Enables the deployment of non-circuit-related queries and transactions, supporting features like number translation, roaming, and database queries.
6. **ISUP (ISDN User Part)**: Handles the setup and tear down of voice and data calls over the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
7. **MAP (Mobile Application Part)**: Utilized in mobile networks for functions such as roaming, location updating, handovers, and short message service (SMS) delivery.

<figure><img src="https://1151675536-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F0RmnfgiEjbrMt52huqhW%2Fuploads%2FNzoMW54ci1cdIHms12ST%2FRFSSecurity.png?alt=media&#x26;token=2f4f18b7-8132-4de8-93f6-9a2cc89eeabc" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

The SS7 stack is essential for communication between network elements in telecommunications networks, supporting efficient and robust call processing and management.

{% embed url="<https://www.telco-sec.com/>" %}


---

# Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation

If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:

```
GET https://ss7-attacks.telco-sec.com/ss7-stack-overview.md?ask=<question>
```

The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.